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The retry recipe

send charge(subscription, dimension, quantity, effectiveStartTime)
  200 → done; store UsageReportEventId and Microsoft.UsageEventId
  409 → done; the hour had already landed, the body tells you which report
  429, 502, timeout → wait (backoff), send the identical request again
  400, 404, 422 → do not retry unchanged; fix the request or the subscription state

Resending the identical request can never double charge: if the first attempt landed at Microsoft, the retry gets 409 with its ids. Never change effectiveStartTime on a retry; that makes it a new usage event.